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SAE J1939 Parameter Group Number (PGN) Range
The following is an excerpt from A Comprehensible Guide To J1939 by Wilfried Voss. With the definition of PDU Format (PF) and PDU Specific (PS) – as shown below - J1939 supports a total of 8672 Parameter Group numbers.The Parameter Group Number range is divided into two sections: Specific PGNs for peer-to-peer communication (PDU1 Format) Range: 00hex - EFhex (not including PDU Specific) Number [...]
Modbus Programming in C# (TCP/RTU) With Example Projects
Modbus is a serial communications protocol developed by Modicon (now Schneider Electric) in 1979 for the use with its PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers). Modbus has become a popular standard communication protocol, and these days is widely accessible for the means of connecting industrial electronic devices. The principal reasons for the use of Modbus for industrial [...]
Industrial Ethernet Guide - Safety Functionality
The following is part of A Comprehensible Guide to Industrial Ethernet by Wilfried Voss.Over the years, the safety of production environments has become a focus for machine and plant manufacturers, mainly since the requirements for safety have grown to be considerably demanding (e.g., the 2006/42/EC Machinery Directive by the European Union). Manufacturers are more than ever [...]
Industrial Ethernet Guide - Industrial Safety Networks
The following is part of A Comprehensible Guide to Industrial Ethernet by Wilfried Voss.Industrial safety networks utilize their own, independent hardware such as cables and sensing devices, and they function independently from the production control devices, thus allowing the smooth implementation of existing machinery regardless of their technology. The network typically consists of a cable that [...]
CAN Bus To Profinet Gateway Operates As A Profinet IO Device
The CAN-PN gateway by esd electronics links any PROFINET-IO controller to a CAN Bus network. The gateway serves as a PROFINET-IO device with a maximum of 256 bytes of input data and 256 bytes of output data on the PROFINET bus. The CAN-PN connects CAN Bus modules with CANopen (CiA® DS 301) or layer-2 (ISO 11898-1) applications to a Profinet [...]
IoT Development Board Based On ESP-32S Module Supports WiFi And Bluetooth
The NodeMCU ESP-32S is an IoT (Internet of Things) development board created by NodeMcu to evaluate the ESP-WROOM-32 module. It is based on the ESP32 microcontroller that supports WiFi, Bluetooth, Ethernet, and Low Power support all in a single chip.The NodeMCU-32S board is also an open source IoT platform. It uses Lua script and a lot of [...]
Industrial Ethernet Guide - IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol Standard
The following is part of A Comprehensible Guide to Industrial Ethernet by Wilfried Voss.Distributed applications in networked control environments require tight synchronization between all network nodes so that the delivery of control messages can be guaranteed within defined message cycle times. IEEE 1588, a standard providing sub-microsecond synchronization accuracy for distributed clocks over Ethernet, enjoys increasing popularity amongst real-time Ethernet developers.In [...]
Industrial Ethernet Guide - Determinacy and Real-Time Control (The Hunt for CSMA/CD)
The following is part of A Comprehensible Guide to Industrial Ethernet by Wilfried Voss.Any solution attempting to achieve true determinacy and real-time control based on Ethernet TCP/IP requires the elimination of the CSMA/CD, IP, and UDP components, because their combined characteristics contribute to unpredictable cycle times and additional jitter.CSMA/CD can be easily eliminated through the use [...]
Industrial Ethernet Guide - Classification of Industrial Ethernet Protocols
The following is part of A Comprehensible Guide to Industrial Ethernet by Wilfried Voss.Note: This chapter represents a paradox in so far that it proves that a credible classification of Industrial Ethernet protocols based on performance characteristics, despite many such attempts, does not exist. Too many conflicting performance tests added to the confusion not only for [...]
Industrial Ethernet Guide - Industrial Ethernet Protocols
The following is part of A Comprehensible Guide to Industrial Ethernet by Wilfried Voss.Note: It is important to re-iterate the point that a sufficiently detailed description of each protocol involved is clearly outside the scope of this book. Complete documents are provided by the respective manufacturers or standardization/user organizations, even though they usually provide little educational [...]