SAE J1939 ECU Programming & Vehicle Bus Simulation with Arduino

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Paperback: 140 pages
Publisher: Copperhill Media Corporation (March 23, 2015)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1938581180
ISBN-13: 978-1938581182
Product Dimensions: 7.4 x 0.3 x 9.7 inches

This book, written by a leading expert in the field of Controller Area Network (CAN) technologies, represents the perfect guide to implementing an SAE J1939 protocol stack for embedded systems. The book is filled with numerous C/C++ code examples and valuable documentation of the resulting J1939 vehicle network data traffic. It explains in great detail the inner workings of the protocol through designing and transmitting J1939 data frames, receiving and processing J1939 data frames, and simulating J1939 ECUs (Electronic Control Units).

Other Arduino sketches (software projects) include a J1939 network scanner, and a simple SAE J1939 to USB Gateway application with associated Windows GUI (Visual Studio C# project). The collection of sketches is concluded by the ARD1939 project, a fully functional SAE J1939 protocol stack for the Arduino Uno and Mega 2560.

As an added value, the included proof of concept explains (by means of code examples and bus traffic recordings) the details of the Transport Protocol (TP) according to SAE J1939/21 (BAM Session, RTS/CTS Session) and the Address Claim Procedure according to SAE J1939/81. In combination with the low-cost and high-level user-friendliness approach of the Arduino environment, this book represents the ideal platform to learning and implementing embedded applications with the SAE J1939 protocol stack.

Note:

While the book's focus is on the Arduino Uno and Mega 2560, the documentation also applies to our SAE J1939 protocol stack for the Arduino Due.
See: SAE J1939 Protocol Stack Sketch for Arduino Due.

PDF Download

This title is also available as a PDF Download.

Program Samples Download

The following programming samples (accessible as .zip files) are free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. The samples are distributed in the hope that they will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. With downloading these programs, you confirm that these code samples and projects were created for demonstration and educational purpose only.

• Generic ARD1939 Arduino Sketch
• ARD1939 - Data Traffic Simulation
• ARD1939 - Advanced Data Traffic Simulation
• ARD1939 - J1939 Gateway
• ARD1939 - Receiving Messages
• ARD1939 - Requesting Messages
• ARD1939 - RTS/CTS Tester
• ARD1939 - Stress Test
• MCP_CAN Library for Arduino

Further Resources

• ARD1939 - SAE J1939 Protocol Stack for Aduino (An extension to the book)

Table of Content

1. Introduction

1.1 The Arduino Uno And Mega 2560 plus CAN Shield

1.1.1 CAN Shield

1.1.1.1 Microchip MCP2515 CAN Controller

1.1.1.2 Arduino CAN-Bus Shield by SK Pang electronics

1.1.1.3 CAN-BUS Shield by Seeed Studio

1.1.2 Performance Restrictions

1.1.3 Serial Interface And CAN Timing Considerations

1.1.4 Connecting Arduino to a Real SAE J1939 Network

1.1.4.1 SAE J1939/13 Off-Board Diagnostic Connector

1.2 Arduino Programming (Sketches)

1.2.1 The MCP2515 Library

1.2.1.1 Function Calls

1.2.1.2 The CAN Interface

1.2.2 Special Programming Topics

1.2.2.1 Hungarian Notation

1.2.2.2 Debugging Code with Macros

2. A Brief Introduction to the SAE J1939 Protocol

2.1 Introduction to Controller Area Network

2.2 The SAE J1939 Higher-Layer Protocol

2.3 Parameter Group Numbers (PGN)

2.3.1 Parameter Groups

2.3.2 Suspect Parameter Numbers (SPN)

2.3.3 PGN Range

2.4 The Two Elements of the SAE J1939 Protocol Stack

2.4.1 SAE J1939/21 - Transport Protocol (TP)

2.4.1.1 Multi-Packet Broadcast (BAM Session)

2.4.1.2 Multi-Packet Peer-to-Peer (RTS/CTS Session)

2.4.2 SAE J1939/81 - Address Claim Procedure

2.4.2.1 Technical Requirements

2.4.2.2 Device NAME

2.4.2.3 Preferred Address

2.4.2.4 Address Claiming Procedure

2.5 SAE J1939 Compliance Criteria

3. SAE J1939 Applications with the Arduino

3.1 SAE J1939 Monitoring And Simulation

3.1.1 SAE J1939 Simulation Example

3.1.1.1 Message Design

3.1.1.2 Arduino Code

3.1.1.3 Proof of Concept

3.1.1.4 Advanced Program Version

3.1.1.5 SAE J1939 Stress Simulator

3.1.2 SAE J1939 Monitoring Examples

3.1.2.1 Receiving J1939 Message Frames

3.1.2.2 Receiving and Responding to J1939 Request Frames

3.1.3 A Simple SAE J1939 to USB Gateway

3.1.3.1 J1939 Network Scanner

3.1.3.2 J1939 Data Traffic Monitoring

3.1.3.3 J1939 Data Traffic Simulation

3.1.3.4 Visual Studio Code

3.2 ARD1939 - J1939 Protocol Stack for Arduino

3.2.1 ARD1939 - Function Overview

3.2.2 ARD1939 - Implementation

3.2.2.1 Functionality Settings

3.2.2.2 Program Structure

3.2.3 Proof of Concept

3.2.3.1 Address Claim Procedure (SAE J1939/81)

3.2.3.1.1 Claiming Address With No Contending Node

3.2.3.1.2 Claiming Address With Contending Node

3.2.3.2 Sending and Receiving Messages

3.2.3.3 Transport Protocol – BAM Session (SAE J1939/21)

3.2.3.3.1 Message Timing

3.2.3.4 Transport Protocol – RTS/CTS Session (SAE J1939/21)

3.2.3.4.1 Message Timing

3.2.3.4.2 Clear to Send Timeout

3.2.4 ARD1939 - Sample Application

4. Conclusion

Appendix A – Debugging Macros

Appendix B - ARD1939 Protocol Stack Reference

Function Calls Description

Application Structure

Appendix C – Recommended Literature

From the Author

After writing Controller Area Networking (CAN) with Arduino, the next logical step was looking into higher-layer protocols based on CAN, in this case the SAE J1939 vehicle network protocol. I personally consider J1939 the most effective CAN protocol in the market due to its small memory footprint combined with a bandwidth that easily surpasses other protocols such as CANopen and DeviceNet.

However, my swift choice for SAE J1939 was not only based on technical aspects but also on the great popularity the J1939 protocol enjoys in the North American market. CANopen and DeviceNet, in view of the overpowering strength of Industrial Ethernet for automation, are nearing their virtual end-of-lifetime cycle for new developments and for that reason I dismissed any thoughts of writing a book about them.

The Arduino presented itself again as the obvious choice due to its vast popularity, high-level of user-friendliness and, after all, low costs. The programming and implementation of an SAE J1939 protocol stack using the Arduino requires, of course, not only some knowledge of C/C++ programming but also some basic knowledge of the Controller Area Network (CAN) technology and the SAE J1939 protocol. While I am trying to explain details where necessary (i.e. where the information pertains to programming the code), a fully detailed description of either topic is out of the scope of this book.

 For further, detailed information on Controller Area Network and SAE J1939 see my books:

• A Comprehensible Guide to Controller Area Network
• A Comprehensible Guide to J1939

Both titles are available in paperback form through Amazon.com (including all their language specific sites), Barnes & Noble (bn.com), Abebooks.com (including all their language specific sites), and other online bookstores all over the world.

In the same sense, I will also not engage into explaining the basics of the Arduino hardware and its programming. There are myriads of books on Arduino, Arduino Sketches, and Arduino Shields available on the topic, and it makes no sense repeating the information therein just to increase the page count.

I will, however, briefly refer to the hardware used in my J1939 projects, namely the Arduino Uno, the Arduino Mega 2560, and the CAN Shield, but only for the purpose of providing information that will enable the reader to replicate my projects. I deem it also important to point to the hardware’s performance limitations. After all, the Arduino may be the prefect prototyping solution, but implementing, for instance, a full-blown SAE J1939 protocol definitely meant pushing the limits.

I will also refer to some programming topics that not only go beyond Arduino basics but also reflect my personal approach to writing readable code. These topics include programming style, debugging code, and memory management.

ARD1939 – SAE J1939 Protocol Stack for Arduino

I deem it necessary to add a few non-technical (and maybe politically incorrect) aspects on the development of the most interesting feature of this book, the ARD1939, an SAE J1939 protocol stack for Arduino.

The implementation of an SAE J1939 protocol stack was (and in many cases still is) out of financial reach for many engineers. The software (i.e. the source code) is either grossly overpriced or comes with hefty royalties (object code, libraries), meaning you have to pay for each copy. At least in the case of the Arduino hardware, this is going to change, and the ARD1939 protocol stack project is available as a free download.

Quite honestly, the development of a J1939 protocol is not a big deal for an experienced programmer, the only obstacle being that you have to spend some good money on the official document, the SAE J1939 Standards Collection. I deem my code as good as any commercially available protocol stacks. And yes, I have successfully tested my code against a number of commercially available J1939 devices.

I had contemplated releasing ARD1939 in form of the original source code but ultimately decided against it, mostly out of respect for those small businesses that make a living from selling SAE J1939 devices and software tools. Instead, I provide a pre-compiled code.

The original source code could be easily adapted to any other embedded hardware (I have it already running on an ARM system) and even Windows or Linux PCs with CAN capabilities.

Furthermore, the costs for off-the-shelf, industrial-strength hardware with an extended temperature range are surprisingly low these days. In my experience, you can easily create an SAE J1939 node with USB and Ethernet port (gateway application) with industrial-strength enclosure for under US$200 at volume = 1.

I believe that the average Arduino user, through using the pre-compiled ARD1939 code, will be quite able to write effective J1939 applications, regardless of whether or not he/she has access to the original source code. After all, there is no real need to modify a working code. It supports all SAE J1939 protocol features, and the focus should always be on the actual application.